/*!
 * vue-i18n v8.1.0 
 * (c) 2018 kazuya kawaguchi
 * Released under the MIT License.
 */
(function (global, factory) {
  typeof exports === "object" && typeof module !== "undefined" ? module.exports = factory() :
    typeof define === "function" && define.amd ? define(factory) :
    (global.VueI18n = factory());
}(this, (function () {
  "use strict";

  /*  */

  /**
   * utilites
   */

  function warn(msg, err) {
    if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
      console.warn("[vue-i18n] " + msg);
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (err) {
        console.warn(err.stack);
      }
    }
  }

  function isObject(obj) {
    return obj !== null && typeof obj === "object";
  }

  var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
  var OBJECT_STRING = "[object Object]";

  function isPlainObject(obj) {
    return toString.call(obj) === OBJECT_STRING;
  }

  function isNull(val) {
    return val === null || val === undefined;
  }

  function parseArgs() {
    var args = [],
      len = arguments.length;
    while (len--) args[len] = arguments[len];

    var locale = null;
    var params = null;
    if (args.length === 1) {
      if (isObject(args[0]) || Array.isArray(args[0])) {
        params = args[0];
      } else if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        locale = args[0];
      }
    } else if (args.length === 2) {
      if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        locale = args[0];
      }
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (isObject(args[1]) || Array.isArray(args[1])) {
        params = args[1];
      }
    }

    return {
      locale: locale,
      params: params
    };
  }

  function getOldChoiceIndexFixed(choice) {
    return choice ?
      choice > 1 ?
      1 :
      0 :
      1;
  }

  function getChoiceIndex(choice, choicesLength) {
    choice = Math.abs(choice);

    if (choicesLength === 2) {
      return getOldChoiceIndexFixed(choice);
    }

    return choice ? Math.min(choice, 2) : 0;
  }

  function fetchChoice(message, choice) {
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!message && typeof message !== "string") {
      return null;
    }
    var choices = message.split("|");

    choice = getChoiceIndex(choice, choices.length);
    if (!choices[choice]) {
      return message;
    }
    return choices[choice].trim();
  }

  function looseClone(obj) {
    return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
  }

  function remove(arr, item) {
    if (arr.length) {
      var index = arr.indexOf(item);
      if (index > -1) {
        return arr.splice(index, 1);
      }
    }
  }

  var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;

  function hasOwn(obj, key) {
    return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
  }

  function merge(target) {
    var arguments$1 = arguments;

    var output = Object(target);
    for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      var source = arguments$1[i];
      if (source !== undefined && source !== null) {
        var key = (void 0);
        for (key in source) {
          if (hasOwn(source, key)) {
            if (isObject(source[key])) {
              output[key] = merge(output[key], source[key]);
            } else {
              output[key] = source[key];
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return output;
  }

  function looseEqual(a, b) {
    if (a === b) {
      return true;
    }
    var isObjectA = isObject(a);
    var isObjectB = isObject(b);
    if (isObjectA && isObjectB) {
      try {
        var isArrayA = Array.isArray(a);
        var isArrayB = Array.isArray(b);
        if (isArrayA && isArrayB) {
          return a.length === b.length && a.every(function (e, i) {
            return looseEqual(e, b[i]);
          });
        } else if (!isArrayA && !isArrayB) {
          var keysA = Object.keys(a);
          var keysB = Object.keys(b);
          return keysA.length === keysB.length && keysA.every(function (key) {
            return looseEqual(a[key], b[key]);
          });
        } else {
          /* istanbul ignore next */
          return false;
        }
      } catch (e) {
        /* istanbul ignore next */
        return false;
      }
    } else if (!isObjectA && !isObjectB) {
      return String(a) === String(b);
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }

  var canUseDateTimeFormat =
    typeof Intl !== "undefined" && typeof Intl.DateTimeFormat !== "undefined";

  var canUseNumberFormat =
    typeof Intl !== "undefined" && typeof Intl.NumberFormat !== "undefined";

  /*  */

  function extend(Vue) {
    // $FlowFixMe
    Object.defineProperty(Vue.prototype, "$i18n", {
      get: function get() {
        return this._i18n;
      }
    });

    Vue.prototype.$t = function (key) {
      var values = [],
        len = arguments.length - 1;
      while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 1];

      var i18n = this.$i18n;
      return i18n._t.apply(i18n, [key, i18n.locale, i18n._getMessages(), this].concat(values));
    };

    Vue.prototype.$tc = function (key, choice) {
      var values = [],
        len = arguments.length - 2;
      while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 2];

      var i18n = this.$i18n;
      return i18n._tc.apply(i18n, [key, i18n.locale, i18n._getMessages(), this, choice].concat(values));
    };

    Vue.prototype.$te = function (key, locale) {
      var i18n = this.$i18n;
      return i18n._te(key, i18n.locale, i18n._getMessages(), locale);
    };

    Vue.prototype.$d = function (value) {
      var ref;

      var args = [],
        len = arguments.length - 1;
      while (len-- > 0) args[len] = arguments[len + 1];
      return (ref = this.$i18n).d.apply(ref, [value].concat(args));
    };

    Vue.prototype.$n = function (value) {
      var ref;

      var args = [],
        len = arguments.length - 1;
      while (len-- > 0) args[len] = arguments[len + 1];
      return (ref = this.$i18n).n.apply(ref, [value].concat(args));
    };
  }

  /*  */

  var mixin = {
    beforeCreate: function beforeCreate() {
      var options = this.$options;
      options.i18n = options.i18n || (options.__i18n ? {} : null);

      if (options.i18n) {
        if (options.i18n instanceof VueI18n) {
          // init locale messages via custom blocks
          if (options.__i18n) {
            try {
              var localeMessages = {};
              options.__i18n.forEach(function (resource) {
                localeMessages = merge(localeMessages, JSON.parse(resource));
              });
              Object.keys(localeMessages).forEach(function (locale) {
                options.i18n.mergeLocaleMessage(locale, localeMessages[locale]);
              });
            } catch (e) {
              {
                warn("Cannot parse locale messages via custom blocks.", e);
              }
            }
          }
          this._i18n = options.i18n;
          this._i18nWatcher = this._i18n.watchI18nData();
          this._i18n.subscribeDataChanging(this);
          this._subscribing = true;
        } else if (isPlainObject(options.i18n)) {
          // component local i18n
          if (this.$root && this.$root.$i18n && this.$root.$i18n instanceof VueI18n) {
            options.i18n.root = this.$root.$i18n;
            options.i18n.formatter = this.$root.$i18n.formatter;
            options.i18n.fallbackLocale = this.$root.$i18n.fallbackLocale;
            options.i18n.silentTranslationWarn = this.$root.$i18n.silentTranslationWarn;
          }

          // init locale messages via custom blocks
          if (options.__i18n) {
            try {
              var localeMessages$1 = {};
              options.__i18n.forEach(function (resource) {
                localeMessages$1 = merge(localeMessages$1, JSON.parse(resource));
              });
              options.i18n.messages = localeMessages$1;
            } catch (e) {
              {
                warn("Cannot parse locale messages via custom blocks.", e);
              }
            }
          }

          this._i18n = new VueI18n(options.i18n);
          this._i18nWatcher = this._i18n.watchI18nData();
          this._i18n.subscribeDataChanging(this);
          this._subscribing = true;

          if (options.i18n.sync === undefined || !!options.i18n.sync) {
            this._localeWatcher = this.$i18n.watchLocale();
          }
        } else {
          {
            warn("Cannot be interpreted 'i18n' option.");
          }
        }
      } else if (this.$root && this.$root.$i18n && this.$root.$i18n instanceof VueI18n) {
        // root i18n
        this._i18n = this.$root.$i18n;
        this._i18n.subscribeDataChanging(this);
        this._subscribing = true;
      } else if (options.parent && options.parent.$i18n && options.parent.$i18n instanceof VueI18n) {
        // parent i18n
        this._i18n = options.parent.$i18n;
        this._i18n.subscribeDataChanging(this);
        this._subscribing = true;
      }
    },

    beforeDestroy: function beforeDestroy() {
      if (!this._i18n) {
        return;
      }

      if (this._subscribing) {
        this._i18n.unsubscribeDataChanging(this);
        delete this._subscribing;
      }

      if (this._i18nWatcher) {
        this._i18nWatcher();
        delete this._i18nWatcher;
      }

      if (this._localeWatcher) {
        this._localeWatcher();
        delete this._localeWatcher;
      }

      this._i18n = null;
    }
  };

  /*  */

  var component = {
    name: "i18n",
    functional: true,
    props: {
      tag: {
        type: String,
        default: "span"
      },
      path: {
        type: String,
        required: true
      },
      locale: {
        type: String
      },
      places: {
        type: [Array, Object]
      }
    },
    render: function render(h, ref) {
      var props = ref.props;
      var data = ref.data;
      var children = ref.children;
      var parent = ref.parent;

      var i18n = parent.$i18n;

      children = (children || []).filter(function (child) {
        return child.tag || (child.text = child.text.trim());
      });

      if (!i18n) {
        {
          warn("Cannot find VueI18n instance!");
        }
        return children;
      }

      var path = props.path;
      var locale = props.locale;

      var params = {};
      var places = props.places || {};

      var hasPlaces = Array.isArray(places) ?
        places.length > 0 :
        Object.keys(places).length > 0;

      var everyPlace = children.every(function (child) {
        if (child.data && child.data.attrs) {
          var place = child.data.attrs.place;
          return (typeof place !== "undefined") && place !== "";
        }
      });

      if (hasPlaces && children.length > 0 && !everyPlace) {
        warn("If places prop is set, all child elements must have place prop set.");
      }

      if (Array.isArray(places)) {
        places.forEach(function (el, i) {
          params[i] = el;
        });
      } else {
        Object.keys(places).forEach(function (key) {
          params[key] = places[key];
        });
      }

      children.forEach(function (child, i) {
        var key = everyPlace ?
          ("" + (child.data.attrs.place)) :
          ("" + i);
        params[key] = child;
      });

      return h(props.tag, data, i18n.i(path, locale, params));
    }
  };

  /*  */

  function bind(el, binding, vnode) {
    if (!assert(el, vnode)) {
      return;
    }

    t(el, binding, vnode);
  }

  function update(el, binding, vnode, oldVNode) {
    if (!assert(el, vnode)) {
      return;
    }

    if (localeEqual(el, vnode) && looseEqual(binding.value, binding.oldValue)) {
      return;
    }

    t(el, binding, vnode);
  }

  function unbind(el, binding, vnode, oldVNode) {
    var vm = vnode.context;
    if (!vm) {
      warn("Vue instance does not exists in VNode context");
      return;
    }

    el.textContent = "";
    el._vt = undefined;
    delete el["_vt"];
    el._locale = undefined;
    delete el["_locale"];
  }

  function assert(el, vnode) {
    var vm = vnode.context;
    if (!vm) {
      warn("Vue instance doest not exists in VNode context");
      return false;
    }

    if (!vm.$i18n) {
      warn("VueI18n instance does not exists in Vue instance");
      return false;
    }

    return true;
  }

  function localeEqual(el, vnode) {
    var vm = vnode.context;
    return el._locale === vm.$i18n.locale;
  }

  function t(el, binding, vnode) {
    var ref$1, ref$2;

    var value = binding.value;

    var ref = parseValue(value);
    var path = ref.path;
    var locale = ref.locale;
    var args = ref.args;
    var choice = ref.choice;
    if (!path && !locale && !args) {
      warn("value type not supported");
      return;
    }

    if (!path) {
      warn("`path` is required in v-t directive");
      return;
    }

    var vm = vnode.context;
    if (choice) {
      el._vt = el.textContent = (ref$1 = vm.$i18n).tc.apply(ref$1, [path, choice].concat(makeParams(locale, args)));
    } else {
      el._vt = el.textContent = (ref$2 = vm.$i18n).t.apply(ref$2, [path].concat(makeParams(locale, args)));
    }
    el._locale = vm.$i18n.locale;
  }

  function parseValue(value) {
    var path;
    var locale;
    var args;
    var choice;

    if (typeof value === "string") {
      path = value;
    } else if (isPlainObject(value)) {
      path = value.path;
      locale = value.locale;
      args = value.args;
      choice = value.choice;
    }

    return {
      path: path,
      locale: locale,
      args: args,
      choice: choice
    };
  }

  function makeParams(locale, args) {
    var params = [];

    locale && params.push(locale);
    if (args && (Array.isArray(args) || isPlainObject(args))) {
      params.push(args);
    }

    return params;
  }

  var Vue;

  function install(_Vue) {
    Vue = _Vue;

    var version = (Vue.version && Number(Vue.version.split(".")[0])) || -1;
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (install.installed) {
      warn("already installed.");
      return;
    }
    install.installed = true;

    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (version < 2) {
      warn(("vue-i18n (" + (install.version) + ") need to use Vue 2.0 or later (Vue: " + (Vue.version) + ")."));
      return;
    }

    extend(Vue);
    Vue.mixin(mixin);
    Vue.directive("t", {
      bind: bind,
      update: update,
      unbind: unbind
    });
    Vue.component(component.name, component);

    // use simple mergeStrategies to prevent i18n instance lose '__proto__'
    var strats = Vue.config.optionMergeStrategies;
    strats.i18n = function (parentVal, childVal) {
      return childVal === undefined ?
        parentVal :
        childVal;
    };
  }

  /*  */

  var BaseFormatter = function BaseFormatter() {
    this._caches = Object.create(null);
  };

  BaseFormatter.prototype.interpolate = function interpolate(message, values) {
    if (!values) {
      return [message];
    }
    var tokens = this._caches[message];
    if (!tokens) {
      tokens = parse(message);
      this._caches[message] = tokens;
    }
    return compile(tokens, values);
  };



  var RE_TOKEN_LIST_VALUE = /^(\d)+/;
  var RE_TOKEN_NAMED_VALUE = /^(\w)+/;

  function parse(format) {
    var tokens = [];
    var position = 0;

    var text = "";
    while (position < format.length) {
      var char = format[position++];
      if (char === "{") {
        if (text) {
          tokens.push({
            type: "text",
            value: text
          });
        }

        text = "";
        var sub = "";
        char = format[position++];
        while (char !== "}") {
          sub += char;
          char = format[position++];
        }

        var type = RE_TOKEN_LIST_VALUE.test(sub) ?
          "list" :
          RE_TOKEN_NAMED_VALUE.test(sub) ?
          "named" :
          "unknown";
        tokens.push({
          value: sub,
          type: type
        });
      } else if (char === "%") {
        // when found rails i18n syntax, skip text capture
        if (format[(position)] !== "{") {
          text += char;
        }
      } else {
        text += char;
      }
    }

    text && tokens.push({
      type: "text",
      value: text
    });

    return tokens;
  }

  function compile(tokens, values) {
    var compiled = [];
    var index = 0;

    var mode = Array.isArray(values) ?
      "list" :
      isObject(values) ?
      "named" :
      "unknown";
    if (mode === "unknown") {
      return compiled;
    }

    while (index < tokens.length) {
      var token = tokens[index];
      switch (token.type) {
        case "text":
          compiled.push(token.value);
          break;
        case "list":
          compiled.push(values[parseInt(token.value, 10)]);
          break;
        case "named":
          if (mode === "named") {
            compiled.push((values)[token.value]);
          } else {
            {
              warn(("Type of token '" + (token.type) + "' and format of value '" + mode + "' don't match!"));
            }
          }
          break;
        case "unknown": {
          warn("Detect 'unknown' type of token!");
        }
        break;
      }
      index++;
    }

    return compiled;
  }

  /*  */

  /**
   *  Path paerser
   *  - Inspired:
   *    Vue.js Path parser
   */

  // actions
  var APPEND = 0;
  var PUSH = 1;
  var INC_SUB_PATH_DEPTH = 2;
  var PUSH_SUB_PATH = 3;

  // states
  var BEFORE_PATH = 0;
  var IN_PATH = 1;
  var BEFORE_IDENT = 2;
  var IN_IDENT = 3;
  var IN_SUB_PATH = 4;
  var IN_SINGLE_QUOTE = 5;
  var IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE = 6;
  var AFTER_PATH = 7;
  var ERROR = 8;

  var pathStateMachine = [];

  pathStateMachine[BEFORE_PATH] = {
    "ws": [BEFORE_PATH],
    "ident": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "[": [IN_SUB_PATH],
    "eof": [AFTER_PATH]
  };

  pathStateMachine[IN_PATH] = {
    "ws": [IN_PATH],
    ".": [BEFORE_IDENT],
    "[": [IN_SUB_PATH],
    "eof": [AFTER_PATH]
  };

  pathStateMachine[BEFORE_IDENT] = {
    "ws": [BEFORE_IDENT],
    "ident": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "0": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "number": [IN_IDENT, APPEND]
  };

  pathStateMachine[IN_IDENT] = {
    "ident": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "0": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "number": [IN_IDENT, APPEND],
    "ws": [IN_PATH, PUSH],
    ".": [BEFORE_IDENT, PUSH],
    "[": [IN_SUB_PATH, PUSH],
    "eof": [AFTER_PATH, PUSH]
  };

  pathStateMachine[IN_SUB_PATH] = {
    "'": [IN_SINGLE_QUOTE, APPEND],
    "\"": [IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE, APPEND],
    "[": [IN_SUB_PATH, INC_SUB_PATH_DEPTH],
    "]": [IN_PATH, PUSH_SUB_PATH],
    "eof": ERROR,
    "else": [IN_SUB_PATH, APPEND]
  };

  pathStateMachine[IN_SINGLE_QUOTE] = {
    "'": [IN_SUB_PATH, APPEND],
    "eof": ERROR,
    "else": [IN_SINGLE_QUOTE, APPEND]
  };

  pathStateMachine[IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE] = {
    "\"": [IN_SUB_PATH, APPEND],
    "eof": ERROR,
    "else": [IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE, APPEND]
  };

  /**
   * Check if an expression is a literal value.
   */

  var literalValueRE = /^\s?(true|false|-?[\d.]+|'[^']*'|"[^"]*")\s?$/;

  function isLiteral(exp) {
    return literalValueRE.test(exp);
  }

  /**
   * Strip quotes from a string
   */

  function stripQuotes(str) {
    var a = str.charCodeAt(0);
    var b = str.charCodeAt(str.length - 1);
    return a === b && (a === 0x22 || a === 0x27) ?
      str.slice(1, -1) :
      str;
  }

  /**
   * Determine the type of a character in a keypath.
   */

  function getPathCharType(ch) {
    if (ch === undefined || ch === null) {
      return "eof";
    }

    var code = ch.charCodeAt(0);

    switch (code) {
      case 0x5B: // [
      case 0x5D: // ]
      case 0x2E: // .
      case 0x22: // "
      case 0x27: // '
      case 0x30: // 0
        return ch;

      case 0x5F: // _
      case 0x24: // $
      case 0x2D: // -
        return "ident";

      case 0x20: // Space
      case 0x09: // Tab
      case 0x0A: // Newline
      case 0x0D: // Return
      case 0xA0: // No-break space
      case 0xFEFF: // Byte Order Mark
      case 0x2028: // Line Separator
      case 0x2029: // Paragraph Separator
        return "ws";
    }

    // a-z, A-Z
    if ((code >= 0x61 && code <= 0x7A) || (code >= 0x41 && code <= 0x5A)) {
      return "ident";
    }

    // 1-9
    if (code >= 0x31 && code <= 0x39) {
      return "number";
    }

    return "else";
  }

  /**
   * Format a subPath, return its plain form if it is
   * a literal string or number. Otherwise prepend the
   * dynamic indicator (*).
   */

  function formatSubPath(path) {
    var trimmed = path.trim();
    // invalid leading 0
    if (path.charAt(0) === "0" && isNaN(path)) {
      return false;
    }

    return isLiteral(trimmed) ? stripQuotes(trimmed) : "*" + trimmed;
  }

  /**
   * Parse a string path into an array of segments
   */

  function parse$1(path) {
    var keys = [];
    var index = -1;
    var mode = BEFORE_PATH;
    var subPathDepth = 0;
    var c;
    var key;
    var newChar;
    var type;
    var transition;
    var action;
    var typeMap;
    var actions = [];

    actions[PUSH] = function () {
      if (key !== undefined) {
        keys.push(key);
        key = undefined;
      }
    };

    actions[APPEND] = function () {
      if (key === undefined) {
        key = newChar;
      } else {
        key += newChar;
      }
    };

    actions[INC_SUB_PATH_DEPTH] = function () {
      actions[APPEND]();
      subPathDepth++;
    };

    actions[PUSH_SUB_PATH] = function () {
      if (subPathDepth > 0) {
        subPathDepth--;
        mode = IN_SUB_PATH;
        actions[APPEND]();
      } else {
        subPathDepth = 0;
        key = formatSubPath(key);
        if (key === false) {
          return false;
        } else {
          actions[PUSH]();
        }
      }
    };

    function maybeUnescapeQuote() {
      var nextChar = path[index + 1];
      if ((mode === IN_SINGLE_QUOTE && nextChar === "'") ||
        (mode === IN_DOUBLE_QUOTE && nextChar === "\"")) {
        index++;
        newChar = "\\" + nextChar;
        actions[APPEND]();
        return true;
      }
    }

    while (mode !== null) {
      index++;
      c = path[index];

      if (c === "\\" && maybeUnescapeQuote()) {
        continue;
      }

      type = getPathCharType(c);
      typeMap = pathStateMachine[mode];
      transition = typeMap[type] || typeMap["else"] || ERROR;

      if (transition === ERROR) {
        return; // parse error
      }

      mode = transition[0];
      action = actions[transition[1]];
      if (action) {
        newChar = transition[2];
        newChar = newChar === undefined ?
          c :
          newChar;
        if (action() === false) {
          return;
        }
      }

      if (mode === AFTER_PATH) {
        return keys;
      }
    }
  }





  function empty(target) {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (Array.isArray(target)) {
      return target.length === 0;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }

  var I18nPath = function I18nPath() {
    this._cache = Object.create(null);
  };

  /**
   * External parse that check for a cache hit first
   */
  I18nPath.prototype.parsePath = function parsePath(path) {
    var hit = this._cache[path];
    if (!hit) {
      hit = parse$1(path);
      if (hit) {
        this._cache[path] = hit;
      }
    }
    return hit || [];
  };

  /**
   * Get path value from path string
   */
  I18nPath.prototype.getPathValue = function getPathValue(obj, path) {
    if (!isObject(obj)) {
      return null;
    }

    var paths = this.parsePath(path);
    if (empty(paths)) {
      return null;
    } else {
      var length = paths.length;
      var ret = null;
      var last = obj;
      var i = 0;
      while (i < length) {
        var value = last[paths[i]];
        if (value === undefined) {
          last = null;
          break;
        }
        last = value;
        i++;
      }

      ret = last;
      return ret;
    }
  };

  /*  */



  var numberFormatKeys = [
    "style",
    "currency",
    "currencyDisplay",
    "useGrouping",
    "minimumIntegerDigits",
    "minimumFractionDigits",
    "maximumFractionDigits",
    "minimumSignificantDigits",
    "maximumSignificantDigits",
    "localeMatcher",
    "formatMatcher"
  ];

  var VueI18n = function VueI18n(options) {
    var this$1 = this;
    if (options === void 0) options = {};

    // Auto install if it is not done yet and `window` has `Vue`.
    // To allow users to avoid auto-installation in some cases,
    // this code should be placed here. See #290
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!Vue && typeof window !== "undefined" && window.Vue) {
      install(window.Vue);
    }

    var locale = options.locale || "en-US";
    var fallbackLocale = options.fallbackLocale || "en-US";
    var messages = options.messages || {};
    var dateTimeFormats = options.dateTimeFormats || {};
    var numberFormats = options.numberFormats || {};

    this._vm = null;
    this._formatter = options.formatter || new BaseFormatter();
    this._missing = options.missing || null;
    this._root = options.root || null;
    this._sync = options.sync === undefined ? true : !!options.sync;
    this._fallbackRoot = options.fallbackRoot === undefined ?
      true :
      !!options.fallbackRoot;
    this._silentTranslationWarn = options.silentTranslationWarn === undefined ?
      false :
      !!options.silentTranslationWarn;
    this._dateTimeFormatters = {};
    this._numberFormatters = {};
    this._path = new I18nPath();
    this._dataListeners = [];

    this._exist = function (message, key) {
      if (!message || !key) {
        return false;
      }
      return !isNull(this$1._path.getPathValue(message, key));
    };

    this._initVM({
      locale: locale,
      fallbackLocale: fallbackLocale,
      messages: messages,
      dateTimeFormats: dateTimeFormats,
      numberFormats: numberFormats
    });
  };

  var prototypeAccessors = {
    vm: {
      configurable: true
    },
    messages: {
      configurable: true
    },
    dateTimeFormats: {
      configurable: true
    },
    numberFormats: {
      configurable: true
    },
    locale: {
      configurable: true
    },
    fallbackLocale: {
      configurable: true
    },
    missing: {
      configurable: true
    },
    formatter: {
      configurable: true
    },
    silentTranslationWarn: {
      configurable: true
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._initVM = function _initVM(data) {
    var silent = Vue.config.silent;
    Vue.config.silent = true;
    this._vm = new Vue({
      data: data
    });
    Vue.config.silent = silent;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.subscribeDataChanging = function subscribeDataChanging(vm) {
    this._dataListeners.push(vm);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.unsubscribeDataChanging = function unsubscribeDataChanging(vm) {
    remove(this._dataListeners, vm);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.watchI18nData = function watchI18nData() {
    var self = this;
    return this._vm.$watch("$data", function () {
      var i = self._dataListeners.length;
      while (i--) {
        Vue.nextTick(function () {
          self._dataListeners[i] && self._dataListeners[i].$forceUpdate();
        });
      }
    }, {
      deep: true
    });
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.watchLocale = function watchLocale() {
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!this._sync || !this._root) {
      return null;
    }
    var target = this._vm;
    return this._root.vm.$watch("locale", function (val) {
      target.$set(target, "locale", val);
      target.$forceUpdate();
    }, {
      immediate: true
    });
  };

  prototypeAccessors.vm.get = function () {
    return this._vm;
  };

  prototypeAccessors.messages.get = function () {
    return looseClone(this._getMessages());
  };
  prototypeAccessors.dateTimeFormats.get = function () {
    return looseClone(this._getDateTimeFormats());
  };
  prototypeAccessors.numberFormats.get = function () {
    return looseClone(this._getNumberFormats());
  };

  prototypeAccessors.locale.get = function () {
    return this._vm.locale;
  };
  prototypeAccessors.locale.set = function (locale) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm, "locale", locale);
  };

  prototypeAccessors.fallbackLocale.get = function () {
    return this._vm.fallbackLocale;
  };
  prototypeAccessors.fallbackLocale.set = function (locale) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm, "fallbackLocale", locale);
  };

  prototypeAccessors.missing.get = function () {
    return this._missing;
  };
  prototypeAccessors.missing.set = function (handler) {
    this._missing = handler;
  };

  prototypeAccessors.formatter.get = function () {
    return this._formatter;
  };
  prototypeAccessors.formatter.set = function (formatter) {
    this._formatter = formatter;
  };

  prototypeAccessors.silentTranslationWarn.get = function () {
    return this._silentTranslationWarn;
  };
  prototypeAccessors.silentTranslationWarn.set = function (silent) {
    this._silentTranslationWarn = silent;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._getMessages = function _getMessages() {
    return this._vm.messages;
  };
  VueI18n.prototype._getDateTimeFormats = function _getDateTimeFormats() {
    return this._vm.dateTimeFormats;
  };
  VueI18n.prototype._getNumberFormats = function _getNumberFormats() {
    return this._vm.numberFormats;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._warnDefault = function _warnDefault(locale, key, result, vm, values) {
    if (!isNull(result)) {
      return result;
    }
    if (this._missing) {
      var missingRet = this._missing.apply(null, [locale, key, vm, values]);
      if (typeof missingRet === "string") {
        return missingRet;
      }
    } else {
      if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
        warn(
          "Cannot translate the value of keypath '" + key + "'. " +
          "Use the value of keypath as default."
        );
      }
    }
    return key;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._isFallbackRoot = function _isFallbackRoot(val) {
    return !val && !isNull(this._root) && this._fallbackRoot;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._interpolate = function _interpolate(
    locale,
    message,
    key,
    host,
    interpolateMode,
    values
  ) {
    if (!message) {
      return null;
    }

    var pathRet = this._path.getPathValue(message, key);
    if (Array.isArray(pathRet) || isPlainObject(pathRet)) {
      return pathRet;
    }

    var ret;
    if (isNull(pathRet)) {
      /* istanbul ignore else */
      if (isPlainObject(message)) {
        ret = message[key];
        if (typeof ret !== "string") {
          if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
            warn(("Value of key '" + key + "' is not a string!"));
          }
          return null;
        }
      } else {
        return null;
      }
    } else {
      /* istanbul ignore else */
      if (typeof pathRet === "string") {
        ret = pathRet;
      } else {
        if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
          warn(("Value of key '" + key + "' is not a string!"));
        }
        return null;
      }
    }

    // Check for the existance of links within the translated string
    if (ret.indexOf("@:") >= 0) {
      ret = this._link(locale, message, ret, host, interpolateMode, values);
    }

    return this._render(ret, interpolateMode, values);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._link = function _link(
    locale,
    message,
    str,
    host,
    interpolateMode,
    values
  ) {
    var this$1 = this;

    var ret = str;

    // Match all the links within the local
    // We are going to replace each of
    // them with its translation
    var matches = ret.match(/(@:[\w\-_|.]+)/g);
    for (var idx in matches) {
      // ie compatible: filter custom array
      // prototype method
      if (!matches.hasOwnProperty(idx)) {
        continue;
      }
      var link = matches[idx];
      // Remove the leading @:
      var linkPlaceholder = link.substr(2);
      // Translate the link
      var translated = this$1._interpolate(
        locale, message, linkPlaceholder, host,
        interpolateMode === "raw" ? "string" : interpolateMode,
        interpolateMode === "raw" ? undefined : values
      );

      if (this$1._isFallbackRoot(translated)) {
        if (!this$1._silentTranslationWarn) {
          warn(("Fall back to translate the link placeholder '" + linkPlaceholder + "' with root locale."));
        }
        /* istanbul ignore if */
        if (!this$1._root) {
          throw Error("unexpected error");
        }
        var root = this$1._root;
        translated = root._translate(
          root._getMessages(), root.locale, root.fallbackLocale,
          linkPlaceholder, host, interpolateMode, values
        );
      }
      translated = this$1._warnDefault(
        locale, linkPlaceholder, translated, host,
        Array.isArray(values) ? values : [values]
      );

      // Replace the link with the translated
      ret = !translated ? ret : ret.replace(link, translated);
    }

    return ret;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._render = function _render(message, interpolateMode, values) {
    var ret = this._formatter.interpolate(message, values);
    // if interpolateMode is **not** 'string' ('row'),
    // return the compiled data (e.g. ['foo', VNode, 'bar']) with formatter
    return interpolateMode === "string" ? ret.join("") : ret;
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._translate = function _translate(
    messages,
    locale,
    fallback,
    key,
    host,
    interpolateMode,
    args
  ) {
    var res =
      this._interpolate(locale, messages[locale], key, host, interpolateMode, args);
    if (!isNull(res)) {
      return res;
    }

    res = this._interpolate(fallback, messages[fallback], key, host, interpolateMode, args);
    if (!isNull(res)) {
      if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
        warn(("Fall back to translate the keypath '" + key + "' with '" + fallback + "' locale."));
      }
      return res;
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._t = function _t(key, _locale, messages, host) {
    var ref;

    var values = [],
      len = arguments.length - 4;
    while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 4];
    if (!key) {
      return "";
    }

    var parsedArgs = parseArgs.apply(void 0, values);
    var locale = parsedArgs.locale || _locale;

    var ret = this._translate(
      messages, locale, this.fallbackLocale, key,
      host, "string", parsedArgs.params
    );
    if (this._isFallbackRoot(ret)) {
      if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
        warn(("Fall back to translate the keypath '" + key + "' with root locale."));
      }
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (!this._root) {
        throw Error("unexpected error");
      }
      return (ref = this._root).t.apply(ref, [key].concat(values));
    } else {
      return this._warnDefault(locale, key, ret, host, values);
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.t = function t(key) {
    var ref;

    var values = [],
      len = arguments.length - 1;
    while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 1];
    return (ref = this)._t.apply(ref, [key, this.locale, this._getMessages(), null].concat(values));
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._i = function _i(key, locale, messages, host, values) {
    var ret =
      this._translate(messages, locale, this.fallbackLocale, key, host, "raw", values);
    if (this._isFallbackRoot(ret)) {
      if (!this._silentTranslationWarn) {
        warn(("Fall back to interpolate the keypath '" + key + "' with root locale."));
      }
      if (!this._root) {
        throw Error("unexpected error");
      }
      return this._root.i(key, locale, values);
    } else {
      return this._warnDefault(locale, key, ret, host, [values]);
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.i = function i(key, locale, values) {
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!key) {
      return "";
    }

    if (typeof locale !== "string") {
      locale = this.locale;
    }

    return this._i(key, locale, this._getMessages(), null, values);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._tc = function _tc(
    key,
    _locale,
    messages,
    host,
    choice
  ) {
    var ref;

    var values = [],
      len = arguments.length - 5;
    while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 5];
    if (!key) {
      return "";
    }
    if (choice === undefined) {
      choice = 1;
    }
    return fetchChoice((ref = this)._t.apply(ref, [key, _locale, messages, host].concat(values)), choice);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.tc = function tc(key, choice) {
    var ref;

    var values = [],
      len = arguments.length - 2;
    while (len-- > 0) values[len] = arguments[len + 2];
    return (ref = this)._tc.apply(ref, [key, this.locale, this._getMessages(), null, choice].concat(values));
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._te = function _te(key, locale, messages) {
    var args = [],
      len = arguments.length - 3;
    while (len-- > 0) args[len] = arguments[len + 3];

    var _locale = parseArgs.apply(void 0, args).locale || locale;
    return this._exist(messages[_locale], key);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.te = function te(key, locale) {
    return this._te(key, this.locale, this._getMessages(), locale);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.getLocaleMessage = function getLocaleMessage(locale) {
    return looseClone(this._vm.messages[locale] || {});
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.setLocaleMessage = function setLocaleMessage(locale, message) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.messages, locale, message);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.mergeLocaleMessage = function mergeLocaleMessage(locale, message) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.messages, locale, Vue.util.extend(this._vm.messages[locale] || {}, message));
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.getDateTimeFormat = function getDateTimeFormat(locale) {
    return looseClone(this._vm.dateTimeFormats[locale] || {});
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.setDateTimeFormat = function setDateTimeFormat(locale, format) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.dateTimeFormats, locale, format);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.mergeDateTimeFormat = function mergeDateTimeFormat(locale, format) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.dateTimeFormats, locale, Vue.util.extend(this._vm.dateTimeFormats[locale] || {}, format));
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._localizeDateTime = function _localizeDateTime(
    value,
    locale,
    fallback,
    dateTimeFormats,
    key
  ) {
    var _locale = locale;
    var formats = dateTimeFormats[_locale];

    // fallback locale
    if (isNull(formats) || isNull(formats[key])) {
      {
        warn(("Fall back to '" + fallback + "' datetime formats from '" + locale + " datetime formats."));
      }
      _locale = fallback;
      formats = dateTimeFormats[_locale];
    }

    if (isNull(formats) || isNull(formats[key])) {
      return null;
    } else {
      var format = formats[key];
      var id = _locale + "__" + key;
      var formatter = this._dateTimeFormatters[id];
      if (!formatter) {
        formatter = this._dateTimeFormatters[id] = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(_locale, format);
      }
      return formatter.format(value);
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._d = function _d(value, locale, key) {
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!VueI18n.availabilities.dateTimeFormat) {
      warn("Cannot format a Date value due to not supported Intl.DateTimeFormat.");
      return "";
    }

    if (!key) {
      return new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale).format(value);
    }

    var ret =
      this._localizeDateTime(value, locale, this.fallbackLocale, this._getDateTimeFormats(), key);
    if (this._isFallbackRoot(ret)) {
      {
        warn(("Fall back to datetime localization of root: key '" + key + "' ."));
      }
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (!this._root) {
        throw Error("unexpected error");
      }
      return this._root.d(value, key, locale);
    } else {
      return ret || "";
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.d = function d(value) {
    var args = [],
      len = arguments.length - 1;
    while (len-- > 0) args[len] = arguments[len + 1];

    var locale = this.locale;
    var key = null;

    if (args.length === 1) {
      if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        key = args[0];
      } else if (isObject(args[0])) {
        if (args[0].locale) {
          locale = args[0].locale;
        }
        if (args[0].key) {
          key = args[0].key;
        }
      }
    } else if (args.length === 2) {
      if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        key = args[0];
      }
      if (typeof args[1] === "string") {
        locale = args[1];
      }
    }

    return this._d(value, locale, key);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.getNumberFormat = function getNumberFormat(locale) {
    return looseClone(this._vm.numberFormats[locale] || {});
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.setNumberFormat = function setNumberFormat(locale, format) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.numberFormats, locale, format);
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.mergeNumberFormat = function mergeNumberFormat(locale, format) {
    this._vm.$set(this._vm.numberFormats, locale, Vue.util.extend(this._vm.numberFormats[locale] || {}, format));
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._localizeNumber = function _localizeNumber(
    value,
    locale,
    fallback,
    numberFormats,
    key,
    options
  ) {
    var _locale = locale;
    var formats = numberFormats[_locale];

    // fallback locale
    if (isNull(formats) || isNull(formats[key])) {
      {
        warn(("Fall back to '" + fallback + "' number formats from '" + locale + " number formats."));
      }
      _locale = fallback;
      formats = numberFormats[_locale];
    }

    if (isNull(formats) || isNull(formats[key])) {
      return null;
    } else {
      var format = formats[key];

      var formatter;
      if (options) {
        // If options specified - create one time number formatter
        formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(_locale, Object.assign({}, format, options));
      } else {
        var id = _locale + "__" + key;
        formatter = this._numberFormatters[id];
        if (!formatter) {
          formatter = this._numberFormatters[id] = new Intl.NumberFormat(_locale, format);
        }
      }
      return formatter.format(value);
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype._n = function _n(value, locale, key, options) {
    /* istanbul ignore if */
    if (!VueI18n.availabilities.numberFormat) {
      warn("Cannot format a Number value due to not supported Intl.NumberFormat.");
      return "";
    }

    if (!key) {
      var nf = !options ? new Intl.NumberFormat(locale) : new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, options);
      return nf.format(value);
    }

    var ret =
      this._localizeNumber(value, locale, this.fallbackLocale, this._getNumberFormats(), key, options);
    if (this._isFallbackRoot(ret)) {
      {
        warn(("Fall back to number localization of root: key '" + key + "' ."));
      }
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (!this._root) {
        throw Error("unexpected error");
      }
      return this._root.n(value, Object.assign({}, {
        key: key,
        locale: locale
      }, options));
    } else {
      return ret || "";
    }
  };

  VueI18n.prototype.n = function n(value) {
    var args = [],
      len = arguments.length - 1;
    while (len-- > 0) args[len] = arguments[len + 1];

    var locale = this.locale;
    var key = null;
    var options = null;

    if (args.length === 1) {
      if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        key = args[0];
      } else if (isObject(args[0])) {
        if (args[0].locale) {
          locale = args[0].locale;
        }
        if (args[0].key) {
          key = args[0].key;
        }

        // Filter out number format options only
        options = Object.keys(args[0]).reduce(function (acc, key) {
          var obj;

          if (numberFormatKeys.includes(key)) {
            return Object.assign({}, acc, (obj = {}, obj[key] = args[0][key], obj));
          }
          return acc;
        }, null);
      }
    } else if (args.length === 2) {
      if (typeof args[0] === "string") {
        key = args[0];
      }
      if (typeof args[1] === "string") {
        locale = args[1];
      }
    }

    return this._n(value, locale, key, options);
  };

  Object.defineProperties(VueI18n.prototype, prototypeAccessors);

  VueI18n.availabilities = {
    dateTimeFormat: canUseDateTimeFormat,
    numberFormat: canUseNumberFormat
  };
  VueI18n.install = install;
  VueI18n.version = "8.1.0";

  return VueI18n;

})));